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Reference List of Published Research Papers Related to Cocoa, Chocolate, Flavonoids and Health (Last updated August 18, 2008) 2008: Abbey, M., Patil, V., Vause, C., Durham, P. 2008. Repression of calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in trigeminal neurons by a Theobroma cacao extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacol. 115(2): 238-248. (Click to view abstract). Allen, R., Carson, L., Kwik-Uribe, C. Evans, E. 2008. Daily consumption of a dark chocolate containing flavanols and added sterol esters affects cardiovascular risk factors in a normotensive population with elevated cholesterol. Journal of Nutrition. 138(4): 725-731. (Click here to view abstract). Balzer, J., Rassaf, T., Heiss, C., Kleinbongard, P. 2008. Sustained benefits in vascular function through flavanol-containing cocoa in medicated diabetic patients a double-masked, randomized, controlled trial. Journal of American College of Cardiology. 51(22): 2141-2149. (Click to view abstract). Bisson, J., Guardia-Llorens, M., Hidalgo, S., Rozan, P. 2008. Protective effect of Acticoa powder, a cocoa polyphenolic extract, on prostate carcinogenesis in Wistar-Unilever rats. European Journal of Cancer Prevention. 17(1): 54-61. (Click to view abstract). Bisson, J., Nejdi, A., Rozan, P., Hidalgo, S. 2008. Effects of long-term administration of a cocoa polyphenolic extract (Acticoa powder) on cognitive performances in aged rats. British Journal of Nutrition. 100(1): 94-101. (Click to view abstract). Cho, E., Lee, K., Lee, H. 2008. Cocoa procyanidins protect PC12 cells from hydrogen-peroxide-induced apoptosis by inhibiting activation of p38 MAPK and JNK. Mutation Research. 640(1-2): 123-130. (Click to view abstract). Cooper, K., Campos-Giménez, E., Alvarez, D., Rytz, A. 2008. Predictive relationship between polyphenol and nonfat solids content of chocolate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56(1): 260-265. (Click to view abstract). Cooper, K., Donovan, J., Waterhouse, A., Williamson, G. 2008. Cocoa and health: a decade of research. British Journal of Nutrition.99(1): 1-11. (Click to view abstract). Crews, W., Harrison, D., Wright, J. 2008. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the effects of dark chocolate and cocoa on variables associated with neuropsychological functioning and cardiovascular health: clinical findings from a sample of healthy, cognitively intact older adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 87(4): 872-880. (Click to view abstract). Ducki, S., Miralles-Garcia, J., Zumbé, A., Tornero, A. 2008. Evaluation of solid-phase micro-extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the headspace analysis of volatile compounds in cocoa products. Talanta. 74(5): 1166-1174. (Click to view abstract). Erdman, J., Carson, L., Kwik-Uribe, C., Evans, E., Allen, R. 2008. Effects of cocoa flavanols on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 17 Suppl 1: 284-287. (Click to view article). Erskine, J. 2008. Resistance can be futile: Investigating behavioural rebound. Appetite. 50(2-3): 415-421. (Click to view abstract). Faridi, Z., Njike, V., Dutta, S., Ali, A. 2008. Acute dark chocolate and cocoa ingestion and endothelial function: a randomized controlled crossover trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 88(1): 58-63. (Click to view abstract). Fujimoto, Y., Yonemura, T., Sakuma, S. 2008. Stearic acid potently modulates the activity of cyclooxygenase-1, but not cyclooxygenase-2, in the form of its CoA ester. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 78(1): 81-84. (Click to view abstract). Hooper, L., Kroon, P., Rimm, E., Cohn, J. 2008. Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 88(1): 38-50. (Click to view abstract). Kwik-Uribe, C., Bektash, R. 2008. Cocoa flavanols - measurement, bioavailability and bioactivity. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 17 Suppl 1: 280-283. (Click to view article). Lee, K., Kang, N., Hwang, M., Kim, K. 2008. Cocoa Procyanidins Inhibit Expression and Activation of MMP-2 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Direct Inhibition of MEK and MT1-MMP Activities. Cardiovascular Research. 79(1):34-41 (Click to view abstract) Mehrinfar, R., Frishman, W. 2008. Flavanol-rich cocoa: a cardioprotective nutraceutical. Cardiology in Review. 16(3): 109-115. (Click to view abstract). Müller, J., Dettmer, D., Macht, M. 2008. The Attitudes to Chocolate Questionnaire: Psychometric properties and relationship to dimensions of eating. Appetite. 50(2-3): 499-505. (Click to view abstract). Pucciarelli, D., Grivetti, L. 2008. The Medicinal Use of Chocolate in Early North America. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. (In Press): xx-xxx (Click to view abtract). Ramiro-Puig, E., Pérez-Cano, F., Ramos-Romero, S., Pérez-Berezo, T. 2008. Intestinal immune system of young rats influenced by cocoa-enriched diet. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 19(8):555-65 . (Click to view abstract). Ramos, S., Moulay, L., Granado-Serrano, A., Vilanova, O. 2008. Hypolipidemic Effect in Cholesterol-Fed Rats of a Soluble Fiber-Rich Product Obtained from Cocoa Husks. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. (In Press). (Click to view abstract). Roura, E., Andrés-Lacueva, C., Estruch, R., Lourdes, M. 2008. The effects of milk as a food matrix for polyphenols on the excretion profile of cocoa ( - )-epicatechin metabolites in healthy human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition. (In Press): xx-xxx (Click to view abstract). Schewe, T., Steffen, Y., Sies, H. 2008. How do dietary flavanols improve vascular function? A position paper.Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics.15;476(2):102106. (Click to view abtract). Schnorr, O., Brossette, T., Momma, T., Kleinbongard, P. 2008. Cocoa flavanols lower vascular arginase activity in human endothelial cells in vitro and in erythrocytes in vivo. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 476(2):211-215. (Click to view abstract). Srikanth, R., Shashikiran, N., Subba, V. 2008. Chocolate mouth rinse: Effect on plaque accumulation and mutans streptococci counts when used by children. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry. 26(2): 67-70.(Click to view article). Stark, T., Lang, R., Keller, D., Hensel, A. and Hofmann, T. 2008. Absorption of N-phenylpropenoyl-L-amino acids in healthy humans by oral administration of cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. (In Press): xx-xxx. (Click to view abstract). Strandberg, T., Strandberg, A., Pitkälä, K., Tilvis, R. 2008. Chocolate, well-being and health among elderly men. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 62(2):247-53.(Click to view in .pdf). Triche, E., Grosso, L., Belanger, K., Darefsky, A. 2008. Chocolate Consumption in Pregnancy and Reduced Likelihood of Preeclampsia. Epidemiology. 19(3): 459-464. (Click to view abstract). Van Gucht, D., Vansteenwegen, D., Beckers, T., Hermans, D. 2008. Repeated cue exposure effects on subjective and physiological indices of chocolate craving. Appetite. 50(1): 19-24. (Click to view article). Van Gucht, D., Vansteenwegen, D., Beckers, T., Van den Bergh, O.2008. Return of experimentally induced chocolate craving after extinction in a different context: Divergence between craving for and expecting to eat chocolate. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 46(3): 375-391. (Click to view abstract). You, M., Cao, Q., Liang, X., Ajmo, J. 2008. Mammalian sirtuin 1 is involved in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against alcoholic fatty liver in mice. The Journal of Nutrition. 138(3): 497-501.(Click to view abstract). 2007: Baba, S., Natsume, M., Yasuda, A., Nakamura, Y. 2007. Plasma LDL and HDL cholesterol and oxidized LDL concentrations are altered in normo- and hypercholesterolemic humans after intake of different levels of cocoa powder. The Journal of Nutrition. 137: 1436-1441. (Click to view abstract) Baba, S., Osakabe, N., Kato, Y., Natsume, M. 2007. Continuous intake of polyphenolic compounds containing cocoa powder reduces LDL oxidative susceptibility and has beneficial effects on plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in humans. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 85(3): 709-17. (Click to view article). Bayard,V., Chamorro, F., Motta, J., Hollenberg, N.K. 2007. Does flavanol intake influence mortality from nitric oxide-dependent processes?. International Journal of Medical Sciences. 4(1): 53-58. (Click to view article). Bisson, J., Hidalgo, S., Rozan, P., Messaoudi, M. 2007. Therapeutic Effect of ACTICOA Powder, a Cocoa Polyphenolic Extract, on Experimentally Induced Prostate Hyperplasia in Wistar-Unilever Rats. Journal of Medicinal Food. 10(4): 628-635. (Click to view abstract). Bordeaux, B., Yanek, L., Moy, T., White, L. 2007. Casual chocolate consumption and inhibition of platelet function. Preventive Cardiology. 10(4): 175-80. (Click to view abstract). Buchgraber, M., Androni, S. 2007. Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of milk fat and cocoa butter equivalents in milk chocolate: interlaboratory study. Journal of AOAC International. 90(5): 1326-1339. (Click to view abstract). Buchgraber, M., Androni, S., Anklam, E. Determination of cocoa butter equivalents in milk chocolate by triacylglycerol profiling. 2007. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 55(9): 3284-3291. (Click to view abstract). Caligiani, A., Cirlini, M., Palla, G., Ravaglia, R. 2007. GC-MS detection of chiral markers in cocoa beans of different quality and geographic origin. Chirality. 19(4): 329-334. (Click to view pdf.). Cartwright, F., Werner, S., Durkin, K., Houghton, S., Burke, V. 2007. Chocolate craving among children: Implications for disordered eating patterns. Appetite. 48(1): 87-95. (Click to view abstract). Chan, K. 2007. A clinical trial gone awry: the Chocolate Happiness Undergoing More Pleasantness (CHUMP) study. Canadian Medical Journal Association. 177(12): 1539-1541. (Click to view article). Cooper, K., Campos-Giménez, E., Alvarez, J., Nagy, K., Donovan, J. 2007. Rapid reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the major cocoa polyphenols and inter-relationships of their concentrations in chocolate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 55(8): 2841-2847. (Click to view in .pdf). Datla, K., Zbarsky, V., Rai, D., Parkar, S. 2007. Short-term supplementation with plant extracts rich in flavonoids protect nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Journal of American College of Nutrition. 26(4): 341-349. (Click to view abstract). Flammer, A., Hermann, F., Sudano, I., Spieker, L. 2007. Dark chocolate improves coronary vasomotion and reduces platelet reactivity. Circulation. 116(21): 2376-2382. (Click to view abstract). Fletcher, B., Pine, K., Woodbridge, Z., Nash, A. 2007. How visual images of chocolate affect the craving and guilt of female dieters. Appetite. 48(2): 211-217. (Click to view abstract). Forman, E., Hoffman, K., McGrath, K., Herbert, J. 2007. A comparison of acceptance and control based strategies for coping with food cravings: An analog study. Behaviour Research and Therapy. (10): 2372-2386. (Click to view abstract). Franco, O., Karnik, K., Bonneux, L. 2007. The future of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease prevention: polyhype or polyhope? Tales from the polyera. Hormone and Metabolic Research. 39(9): 627-631. (Click to view abstract). Haedelt, J., Beckett, S., Niranjan, K. 2007. Bubble-included chocolate: relating structure with sensory response. Journal of Food Science. 72(3): E138-142. (Click to view abstract). Hamilton, K. 2007. Antioxidants and cardioprotection. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 39(9): 1544-1553. (Click to view abstract). Han, X., Shen, T., Lou, H. 2007. Dietary polyphenols and their biological significance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 8: 950-988. (Click to view .pdf). Harper, A., James, A., Flint, A., Astrup, A. 2007. Increased satiety after intake of a chocolate milk drink compared with a carbonated beverage, but no difference in subsequent ad libitum lunch intake. British Journal of Nutrition. 97: 579-583. (Click to view abstract). Heiss, C., Finis, D., Kleinbongard, P. 2007. Sustained increase in flow-mediated dilation after daily intake of high-flavanol cocoa drink over 1 week. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmcology 49(2): 74-80. (Click to view in .pdf). Kemps, E., Tiggemann, M. 2007. Modality-specific imagery reduces cravings for food: an application of the elaborated intrusion theory of desire to food craving. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 13(2): 95-104. (Click to view abstract). Kenny, T., Keen, C., Schmitz, H., Gershwin, M. 2007. Immune effects of cocoa procyanidin oligomers on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 232(2): 293-300. (Click to view abstract). Keogh, J., McInerney, J., Clifton, P. 2007. The effect of milk protein on bioavailability of cocoa polyphenols. Journal of Food Science. 72(3): S230-S233(1).(Click to view abstract). Keskitalo, K., Tuorila, H., Spector, T., Cherkas, L. 2007. Same genetic components underlie difference measures of sweet taste preference. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 86(6): 1663-1669. (Click to view abstract). Kofink, M., Papagiannopoulos, M., Galensa, R. 2007. (-)-Catechin in cocoa and chocolate: occurrence and analysis of an atypical flavan-3-ol enantiomer. Molecules. 12(7): 1274-1288. (Click to view article) Kosman, V., Stankevich, N., Makarov, V., Tikhonov, V. 2007. Biologically active substances in grated cocoa and cocoa butter. Voporsy Pitaniia. 76(3): 62-67. (Click to view abstract). Lecumberri, E., Goya, L., Mateos, R., Alia, M. 2007. A diet rich in dietary fiber from cocoa improves lipid profile and reduces malondialdehyde in hypercholesterolemic rats. Nutrition. 23(4): 332-341. (Click to view abstract). Macht, M., Mueller, J. 2007. Immediate effects of chocolate on experimentally induced mood states. Appetite. 49(3): 667-674. (Click to view abstract). Macht, M., Mueller, J. 2007. Interactive effects of emotional and restrained eating responses to chocolate and affect. Journal of Nervous and mental disease. 195(12): 1024-1026. (Click to view abstract). Mäkivuokko, H., Kettunen, H., Saarinen, M., Kamiwaki, T. 2007. The effect of cocoa and polydextrose on bacterial fermentation in gastrointestinal tract simulations. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 71(8): 1834-1843. (Click to view abstract). Mehta, J., Nobuhito, S., Hu, C., Chen, J. 2007. Deletion of LOX-1 reduces Atherogenesis in LDLR knockout mice fed high cholesterol diet. American Heart Association. 100(11): 1634-1642. (Click to view abstract). Mink, P., Scrafford, C., Barraj, L., Harnack, L. 2007. Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 85(3): 895-909. (Click to view article). Mitani, H., Ryu, A., Suzuki, T., Yamashita, M. 2007. Tropical application of plant extracts containing xanthine derivatives can prevent UV-induced wrinkle formation in hairless mice. Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. 22(2-3): 86-94 (Click to view abstract). Mollea, C., Chiampo, F., Conti, R. 2007. Extraction and characterization of pectins from cocoa husks: A preliminary study. Food Chemistry. (In Press): xx-xxx. (Read more). Moros, J., Iñón, F., Garrigues, S., Guardia, M. 2007. Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and neural networks for measuring nutritional parameters in chocolate samples. Analytica Chimica Acta. 584(1): 215-222. (Click to view abstract). Mozaffarieh, M. Flammer, J. 2007. A novel perspective on natural therapeutic approaches in glaucoma therapy. Expert opinion on emerging drugs. 12(2): 195-198. (Click to view abstract). Neukam, K., Stahl, W., Tronnier, H., Sies, H. 2007. Consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa acutely increases microcirculation in human skin. European Journal of Nutrition. 46(1): 53-56. (Click to view article). Othman, A., Ismail, A., Ghani, N.A., and Adenan, I. 2007. Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of cocoa beans. Food Chemistry 100(4): 1523-1530. (Click to view in .pdf). Pardo, O., Yusá, V., Coscollá, C., León, N. 2007. Determination of acrylamide in coffee and chocolate by pressurised fluid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Additives & Contaminants. 24(7): 663-672. (Click to view abstract). Park, J. 2007. Caffedymine from cocoa has COX inhibitory activity surppressing the expression of a platelet activation marker, p-selectin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 55(6): 2171-2175. (Click to view abstract). Parker, G., Crawford, J. 2007. Chocolate craving when depressed: a personality marker. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 191: 351-352. (Click to view abstract). Polagruto, J., Wang-Polagruto, J., Braun, M., Lee, L. 2006. Cocoa flavanol-enriched snack bars containing phytosterols effectively lower total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 106(11): 1804-1813. (Click to view abstract). Praag, H., Lucero, M., Yeo, G., Stecker, K. 2007. Plant-derived flavanol (-)epicatechin enhances angiogenesis and retention of spatial memory in mice. The Journal of Neuroscience. 27(22): 5869-5878. (Click to view abstract). Ramiro-Puig, E., Pérez-Cano, F.J., Ramírez-Santana, C., Castellote, C. 2007. Spleen lymphocyte function modulated by a cocoa-enriched diet. Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 149(3): 535–542. (Click to view abstract). Ramiro-Puig, E., Urpi-Sardá, M., Pérez-Cano, F., Franch, À. 2007. Cocoa-enriched diet enhances antioxidant enzyme activity and modulates lymphocyte composition in thymus from young rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 55(16): 6431-6438. (Click to view abstract). Rodriguez, S., Warren, C., Moreno, S., Cepeda-Benito, A. 2007. Adaptation of the food-craving questionnaire trait for the assessment of chocolate cravings: Validation across British and Spanish Women. Appetite. 49(1): 245-250. (Click to view abstract). Rolls, E., McCabe, C. 2007. Enhanced affective brain representations of chocolate in cravers vs. non-cravers. European Journal of Neuroscience. 26(4): 1067-1076. (Click to view abstract). Roura, E., Almajano, M., Bilbao, M., Andrés-Lacueva, C. 2007. Human urine: Epicatechin metabolites and antioxidant activity after cocoa beverage intake. Free Radical Research. 41(8): 943-949. (Click to view abstract). Roura, E., Andrés-Lacueva, C., Estruch, R., Mata-Bilbao, M. 2007. Milk Does Not Affect the Bioavailability of Cocoa Powder Flavonoid in Healthy Human.Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism. 51(6): 493-498. (Click to view abstract). Rozan, P., Hidalgo, S., Nejdi, A., Bisson, J. 2007. Preventive antioxidant effects of cocoa polyphenolic extract on free radical production and cognitive performances after heat exposure in wistar rats. Journal of Food Science. 72(3): S203-S206(1). (Click to view abstract). Rudkowska, I., Jones, P. 2007. Functional foods for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases: cholesterol and beyond. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 5(3): 477-490. (Click to view abstract). Shiina, Y., Funabashi, N., Lee, K., Murayama, T. 2007. Acute effect of oral flavonoid-rich dark chocolate intake on coronary circulation, as compared with non-flavonoid white chocolate, by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in healthy adults. International Journal of Cardiology. In Press): xx-xxx. (Click to view abstract). Taubert, D., Roesen, R., Lehmann, C., Jung, N. 2007. Effects of low habitual cocoa intake in blood pressure and bioactive nitric oxide. Journal of the American Medical Association. 298(1): 49-60. (Click to view abstract). Taubert, D.,Roesen, R., Schömig, E. 2007. Effect of cocoa and tea intake on blood pressure. Archives of Internal Medicine. 167(7): 626-634. (Click to view abstract). Thompson, J., Gerard, P., Drake, M. 2007. Chocolate milk and the Hispanic consumer. Journal of Food Science. 72(9): S666-675. (Click to view abstract). Tomaru, M., et al. 2007. Dietary supplementation with cacao liquor proanthocyanidins prevents elevation of blood glucose levels in diabetic obese mice. Nutrition 23(4): 351 -355. (Click to view in .pdf). Tomas-Barberán, F., Cienfuegos-Jovellanos, E., Marín, A., Muguerza, B. 2007. A New process to develop a cocoa powder with higher flavonoid monomer content and enhanced bioavailability in healthy humans. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55(10), 3926 -3935. (Click to view in .pdf). Tuomasjukka, S., Viitanen, M., Kallio, H., 2007. Stearic acid is well absorbed from short- and long-acyl-chain triacylglycerol in an acute test meal. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 61(12): 1352-1358. (Click to view abstract). Tzounis, X., Vulevic, J., Kuhnle, G., George, T. 2007. Flavanol monomer-induced changes to the human faecal microflora. British Journal of Nutrition. p. 1-11. (Click to view abstract). Vlachopoulos, C., Alexopoulos, N., Aznaouridis, K., Ioakeimidis, N. 2007. Relation of habitual cocoa consumption to aortic stiffness and wave reflections, and to central hemodynamics in healthy individuals. American Journal of Cardiology. 99(10): 1473-1475. (Click to view abstract). Vlachopoulos, C., Alexopoulos, N., Stefanadis, C. 2007. Effect of dark chocolate on arterial function in healthy individuals: Cocoa instead of ambrosia? Current Hypertension Reports. 8(3): 205-211. .(Click to view abstract). 2006: Blazer, J., Heiss, C., Schroeter, H., Brouzos, P. 2006. Flavanols and cardiovascular health: effects on the circulation no pool in humans. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. (Supplement 2): 122-127. (Click to view abstract). Buijsse, B., Feskens, E., Kok, F. and Kromhout, D. 2006. Cocoa intake, blood pressure, and cardiovascular mortality: The Zutphen elderly study. Archives of Internal Medicine 166(4):411-417. (Available online at http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/166/4/411). Castillejo, G., Bulló, M., Anguera, A., Escribano, J. 2006. A controlled, randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the effect of a supplement of cocoa husk that is rich in dietary fiber on colonic transit in constipated pediatric patients. Pediatrics. 118(3): e641-648. (Click to view abstract). Cocoa flavanol research articles (Varied). 2006. In Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 47 Supplement 2: S99-223. (Journal link: http://www.cardiovascularpharm.com/pt/re/jcardiopharm/toc.00005344-200606001-00000.htm). Dei, H., Rose, S., Mackenzie, A. 2006. Apparent metabolisable energy and digestibility of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) fat, cocoa (Theobroma cacao) fat and soybean oil in broiler chicks. British Poultry Science. 47(5): 607-612. (Click to view abstract). Ding, E.L., Hutfless, S., Ding, X., and Girotra, S. 2006. Chocolate and prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Nutrition & Metabolism 3: 2. (Article link: http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/3/1/2). Donovan, J., Crespy, V., Oliveria, M., Cooper, K. 2006. (+)-Catechin is more bioavailable than (-)-catechin: relevance to the bioavailability of catechin from cocoa. Free Rad Res. 40(10): 4062-4068. (Click to view abstract). Engler, M.B., and Engler, M.M. 2006. The emerging role of flavonoid-rich cocoa and chocolate in cardiovascular health and disease. Nutrition Reviews 64(3): 109-118. (Abstract link: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ilsi/nure/2006/00000064/00000003/art00002). Fisher, N., Hollenberg, N. 2006. Aging and vascular responses to flavanol-rich cocoa. Journal of Hypertension. 24(8): 1575-1580. (Click to view abstract). Fisher, N., Sorond, F., Hollenberg, N. 2006. Cocoa flavanols and brain perfusion. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 47(Supplement 2): 210-214. (Click to view abstract). Francis, S., Head, K., Morris, P., Macdonald, I. 2006. The effect of flavanol-rich cocoa on the fMRI response to a cognitive task in healthy young people. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. (Supplement 2): 215-220. (Click to view abstract). Fukushima, Y., Kumagai, A. 2007. [Prevention of osteoporosis by foods and dietary supplements. Chocolate malt drink MILO: nutrition in children and calcium absorption]. Clinical Calcium. 16(10): 1706-1713. (Click to view abstract). Gu, L., et al. 2006. Procyanidin and catechin content and antioxidant capacity of cocoa and chocolate products. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 54(11): 4057-4061. (Abstract link: http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jafcau/2006/54/i11/abs/jf060360r.html). Halvorsen, B., Carlsen, M., Phillips, K., Bohn, S. 2006. Content of redox-active compounds (ie, antioxidants) in foods consumed in the United States. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 84(1): 95-135. (Click to view article). Heinrich, U., Neukam, K., Tronnier, H., Sies, H. 2006. Long-term ingestion of high flavanol cocoa provides photoprotection against UV-induced erythema and improves skin condition in women. Journal of Nutrition. 136: 1565-1569. (Click to view .pdf). Heiss, C., Schroeter, H., Balzer, J., Kleinbongard, P. 2006. Endothelial function, nitric oxide, and cocoa flavanols. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. (Supplement 2): 128-135. (Click to view abstract). Heptinstall, S., May, J., Fox, S., Kwik-Uribe, C. 2006. Cocoa Flavanols and Platelet and Leukocyte Function: Recent In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies in Healthy Adults. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 47(Supplement 2): 197-205. (Click to view abstract). Hermann, F., Speiker, L., Ruschitzka, F., Sudano, I. 2006. Dark chocolate improves endothelial and platelet function. Heart 92: 119-120. (Click to view abstract). Hodgson, J., Croft, K. 2006. Dietary flavonoids: effects on endothelial function and blood pressure. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 86(15): 2492-2498. (Click to view abstract). Hollenberg, N. 2006. Vascular action of cocoa flavanols in humans: the roots of the story. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 47(Supplement 2): 99-102. (Click to view abstract). Holt, R., Actis-Goretta, L., Momma, T., Keen, C. 2006. Dietary flavanols and platelet reactivity. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. (Supplement 2): 187-196. (Click to view abstract). Jourdain, C., et al. 2006. In-vitro effects of polyphenols from cocoa and beta-sitosterol on the growth of human prostate cancer and normal cells. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 15(4): 353-361. (Abstract link: http://www.bioalternatives.com/news/news-company/96-effects-of-polyphenols-from-cocoa.html). Karp, J., Johnston, J., Tecklenburg, S., Mickleborough, T. 2006. Chocolate milk as a post-exercise recovery aid. International Journal of Sport Nutrition.16: 78-91. (Click to view article). Kay, C., Kris-Etherton, P., West, S. 2006. Effects of antioxidant-rich foods on vascular reactivity: Review of the clinical evidence. Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 8(6). 510-522. (Click to view abstract). Kurlandsky, S., Stote, K. 2006. Cardioprotective effects of chocolate and almond consumption in healthy women. Nutrition Research. 26(10): 509-516. (Click to view in pdf.). Lecumberri, E., Mateos, R., Ramos, S., Alia, M. 2006. [Characterization of cocoa fiber and its effect on the antioxidant capacity of serum in rats]. Nutrición Hospitalaria. 21(5): 622-628. (Click to view abstract). Lee, K., Kundu, J., Kim, S., Chun, K. 2006. Cocoa polyphenols inhibit phorbol ester-induced superoxide anion formation in cultured HL-60 cells and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and activation of NF-kappaB and MAPKs in mouse skin in vivo. Journal of Nutrition. 136: 1150-1155. (Click to view abstract). Macht, M., Dettmer, D. 2006. Everyday mood and emotions after eating a chocolate bar or an apple. Appetite. 46(3): 332-336. (Click to view abstract). McCullough, M., Chevaux, K., Jackson, L., Preston, M. 2006. Hypertension, the Kuna, and the epidemiology of flavanols. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 47 (Supplement 2): 103-109. (Click to view abstract). Miller, K., Stuart, D., Smith, N., Lee, C. 2006. Antioxidant activity and polyphenol and procyanidin contents of selected commercially available cocoa-containing and chocolate products in the United States. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54(11): 4062-4068. (Click to view in pdf.). Osman, J., Sobal, J. 2006. Chocolate cravings in American and Spanish individuals: Biological and cultural influences. Appetite. 47(3): 290-301. (Click to view abstract). Oyetunji, T. Mycological evaluation of a ground cocoa-based beverage. 2006. African Journal of Biotechnology. 5(22): 2073-2076. (Click to view .pdf). Parker, G., Parker, I., Brotchie, H. 2006. Mood state effects of chocolate. Journal of affective disorders. 92(2-3): 149-159. (Click to view abstract). Pätzold, R., Brückner, H. 2006. Gas chromatographic determination and mechanism of formation of D-amino acids occurring in fermented and roasted cocoa beans, cocoa powder, chocolate and cocoa shell Amino Acids. 31(1): 63-72. (Click to view abstract). 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